Solid electrolyte composite Li_4P_2O_7-Li_3PO_4 for lithium ion battery

The researches on solid electrolyte have been significantly increasing due to the safety problem in lithium ion battery.The lithium phosphates are chosen due to environmentally friendly.In the present study Li_4 P_2 O_7 was synthesized by solid state reaction using NH_4 H_2 PO_4 and Li_2 CO_3 with the ratio 1:2 at various temperatures of600 ℃,800 ℃ and 900℃.The products were characterized by x-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and impedance spectroscopy.The x-ray diffraction showed that all samples consisted of two phases.It was found that the products consisted of 52.44% Li_4 P_2 O_7 and 47.56% LiPO_3;93.56% Li_4 P_2 O_7 and 6.44% Li_3 PO_4;and46.27% Li_4 P_2 O_7 and 53.67% Li_3 PO_4 under the synthesizing temperature of 600 ℃,800℃ and 900 ℃,respectively.The highest ionic conductivity of 3.85 ×10~(-5) S/m was achieved for composite Li_4 P_2 O_7-Li_3 PO_4 with the highest content of 93.56% Li_4 P_2 O_7.This conductivity is higher compared with single phase of LiPO_3,Li_3 PO_4 and Li_4 P_2 O_7.The increase in ionic conductivity may be due to the mixed anion effects related to the phosphate networks,and it also corresponds to the existence of anorthic phase Li_4 P_2 O_7 with the space group P-1(2).The crystal lattice analysis showed that the reactant Li_4 P_2 O_7 consisted of diphosphate groups P_2 O_7.The lithium tetrahedral LiO_4 were linked to P_2 O_7 groups formed a continuous framework containing large voids,available for Li~+ ion transport,and thus it exhibited high conductivity.A composite Li_4 P_2 O_7-Li_3 PO_4 is a promising solid electrolyte for solid state battery.     

Adsorption of Fluoride Ion by Inorganic Cerium Based Adsorbent

Excess of fluoride in drinking water is harmful to human health, the concentration of F^- ions must be maintained in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 mg/L. An inorganic cerium based adsorbent (CTA) is developed on the basis of research of adsorption of fluoride on cerium oxide hydrate. Some adsorption of fluoride by CTA adsorbent experiments were carried out, and results showed that CTA adsorbent has a quick adsorption speed and a large adsorption capacity. Adsorption follows Freundlich isotherm, and low pH value helps fluoride removal. Some physical-chemical characteristics of CTA adsorbent were experimented, fluoride removal mechanism was explored, and results showed that hydroxyl group of CTA adsorbent played an important role in the fluoride removal.     

LiNbO3晶体电光调制中半波电压测量方法研究

在基于一次电光效应的光学电压传感器中,电光晶体的半波电压是影响传感器输入输出特性的关键参数之一。通过对电光调制原理的深入分析,选用LiNbO_3晶体搭建半波电压测量平台,针对关键参数半波电压进行了测量。对试验所选用的LiNbO_3晶体的半波电压进行了理论计算,并与实际结果进行对比;分析影响LiNbO_3晶体半波电压的因素,并指出在实际工程应用中应考虑的问题。     

吸附树脂对油气分子吸脱附性能实验研究*

吸附材料的性能对油气分子吸附过程起着关键性的作用。系统表征了三种吸附树脂材料(HX-1型、HX-2型和HX-3型)孔结构信息,计算了相应的标准特征吸附能,考察了其初次吸附钝化过程和动态吸附过程特性。实验结果表明,三种吸附树脂均具有丰富的微孔和介孔分布,其中HX-1型树脂的微孔孔容与微孔占有率最大,通过相应的标准吸附特征能可反映其微孔分布;三种吸附树脂的初次钝化吸附量和动态吸附量变化情况相似,均为HX-1型树脂最大,HX-2型树脂次之,HX-3型树脂最小。吸附树脂中的微孔分布决定了油气分子吸附过程,从而影响对应的吸附量。     

铋修饰LiMn2O4 锂离子电池正极材料的研究

采用溶胶凝胶法合成了LiMn2O4及其表面Bi修饰材料, 通过聚丙烯酸(PAA)螯合的Bi(NO3)3溶液浸泡LiMn2O4以及煅烧合成了PAA-Bi/LiMn2O4材料. 采用TGA、XRD、SEM、循环伏安和充放电循环研究了3种锂离子电池正极材料的综合性能. 研究表明,Bi修饰的2种LiMn2O4材料电池的循环稳定性均提高. PAA浸泡-煅烧法的优点是避免了杂质Bi2Mn4O10的形成,PAA-Bi/LiMn2O4的首次放电容量损失较少,同时电池的循环稳定性大大提高.     

LiFePO4-MWCNTs复合正极材料的制备与电化学性能研究

以氧化铁为铁源,通过简单的固相碳热法制备LiFePO4-MWCNTs复合正极粉体材料.利用XRD和SEM表征LiFePO4-MWCNTs复合材料的结构和表面形貌.利用EIS、CV和充放电测试实验测量LiFePO4-MWCNTs复合材料的电化学性能.XRD结果显示复合材料为橄榄石型的磷酸铁锂纯相,多壁碳管在正极材料中将颗粒相连,增加导电面积,形成三维网络结构,为颗粒之间提供附加的导电通道.通过添加质量分数为5%的多壁碳管的方法对LiFePO4正极材料导电通道进行改善.在0.5C充放电速率下首次放电比容量可以达到151.6mAh/g,充放电50次后,放电比容量还能保持在145.5mAh/g,在1C充放电速率下比容量保持在140mAh/g,2C时比容量保持在130mAh/g.随着充放电速率的增加,锂离子电池的性能也更加优越.     

钙硅材料处理垃圾渗滤液的实验研究

垃圾渗滤液水质成分复杂,有机物浓度高,处理难度大,垃圾渗滤液的预处理能降低后续处理的有机负荷。文中研究钙硅材料对垃圾渗滤液的预处理,探讨钙硅材料投加量、振荡时间及添加絮凝剂对处理效果的影响。结果表明,增加投加量与延长振荡时间有利于去除垃圾渗滤液中的有机污染物;当钙硅材料的投加量为100 g/L,振荡时间为24 h,对垃圾渗滤液中Mn、Pb、Ni、Zn、As、Fe的去除率分别为100%、100%、89%、87%、54%、99%;TOC和CODCr的去除率均超过55%,氨氮、色度及总磷的去除率分别为30%、97%、99%。此外,利用阳离子型有机絮凝剂、无机低分子絮凝剂与钙硅材料复合处理垃圾渗滤液均可提高CODCr的去除率,其中与硫酸铝复合处理的效果最好。     

壳管式吸附床传热特性及其强化传热研究

为了实现吸附制冷系统连续工作,在分析国内外系统循环方式的基础上,建立了多发生器系统．对吸附制冷系统的能量需求进行了计算,着重研究了吸附床的显热在总热量中所占的比例,通过外加肋片的方式减小吸附床切换过程中的过渡时间,增加系统制冷量、提高系统运行效率．理论研究结果表明：低压蒸汽作为吸附制冷系统驱动热源时,系统的制冷效率可达27％,单位质量吸附剂的制冷量为172W／kg．     

改进Elman网络在锂离子电池容量预测中的应用

为了准确估算锂离子电池的荷电状态(SOC),在分析影响锂离子电池剩余容量时变特性的基础上,综合国内外几种常用的预测锂离子电池方法,将改进Elman网络应用到锂离子电池的容量预测和模型建立中。实验结果表明:该网络不仅局部泛化能力好,而且有较好的动态性能和逼近能力,能够满足电池容量预测的误差要求。     

玉米芯纤维素基金属螯合亲和吸附剂对牛血清白蛋白的吸附研究

以玉米芯纤维素为基质,通过环氧氯丙烷(EPI)交联活化、亚氨基二乙酸(IDA)修饰、金属离子Cu,Fe,Zn,Ni螯合制得亲和吸附剂.通过红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、原子吸收分光光度法(AAS)对其表征.考察了pH、离子强度、初始浓度、洗脱液等因素对螯合了不同金属离子的吸附剂吸附牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的影响.结果表明:对强亲和性的Cu(Ⅱ)螯合亲和吸附剂对BSA的吸附主要受配位作用控制,而对弱亲和性的Fe(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)螯合亲和吸附剂则主要受静电作用影响,配位作用为辅.